3.12 部署Banners
提问 设置登录时显示的警示性信息
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#banner exec #This is an exec banner #
Router1(config)#banner login #This is a login banner #
Router1(config)#banner motd $ This is a motd banner $
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 不用使用welcome之类的字样,下面是一个FBI的路由器登录banner作参考
Router1(config)#banner login #
Enter TEXT message.End with the character '#'.
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| WARNING |
| ------------ |
| This system is solely for the use of authorized users for official |
|purposes. You have no expectation of privacy in its use and to |
| ensure that the system is functioning properly,individuals using |
|this computer system are subject to having all of their activities |
|monitored and recorded by system personnel.Use of this system|
|evidences an express consent to such montoring and agreement that |
|if such monitoring reveals eidence of possible abuse of criminal |
|activity,system personnel may provide the results of such |
|monitoring to appropriate officials. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------|
#
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
3.13 在特定端口禁用Banners显示
提问 aux口用于modem连接,为了避免出现问题希望关闭banner显示
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#line aux 0
Router1(config-line)#no motd-banner
Router1(config-line)#no exec-banner
Router1(config-line)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释
3.14 禁用Line登录
提问 禁止在AUX或者Line端口进行设备登录
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#line aux 0
Router1(config-line)#transport input none
Router1(config-line)#no exec
Router1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 1
Router1(config-line)#no password
Router1(config-line)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#access-list 98 deny any log
Router1(config)#line vty 0 4
Router1(config-line)#transport input none
Router1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 1
Router1(config-line)#no exec
Router1(config-line)#access-class 98 in
Router1(config-line)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 无
3.15 为管理员保留特定的登录端口
提问 防止所有的登录端口都被占用,为管理员留一个后门
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#access-list 9 permit 172.25.1.1
Router1(config)#line vty 4
Router1(config-line)#access-class 9 in
Router1(config-line)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
或者
Router1#confgiure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#access-list 9 permit 172.25.1.1
Router1(config)#line vty 5 7
Router1(config-line)#rotary 25
Router1(config-line)#access-class 9 in
Router1(config-line)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释在使用第二种rotary命令时就相应的改变登录时的端口号码,不是缺省的23,而是3000+rotary的号码25=3025
3.16 限制特定地址的Telnet登录
提问 只允许特定的机器进行Telnet登录
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuraion commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#access-list 99 permit 172.25.1.0 0.0.0.255
Router1(config)#access-list 99 deny any log
Router1(config)#line vty 0 4
Router1(config-line)#access-class 99 in
Router1(config-line)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 无
3.17 对Telnet访问进行日志记录
提问 记录每次telnet的日志
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#access-list 90 permit any log
Router1(config)#line vty 0 4
Router1(config-line)#access-class 90 in
Router1(config-line)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 需要注意的是不管登录成功还是失败,在日志中都是显示的permitted:
%SEC-6-IPACCESSLOGS:list 90 permitted 172.25.1.1 1 packet
3.18 设置发起Telnet的源地址
提问 有时对端设备有安全设置只允许特定的地址发起telnet请求
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#ip telnet source-interface loopback0
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
或者
Router1#telnet 172.25.1.5 /source-interface loopback0
注释 缺省情况路由器会使用到目的地所使用的端口来做Telnet的源地址
3.19 自动登录
注释 使用脚本略去,其实用SecueCRT很容易设定
3.20 使用SSH登录
提问 启用SSH这种加密的登录方式
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#hostname Router1
Router1(config)#ip domain-name neoshi.net
Router1(config)#crypto key generate rsa
The name for the keys will be:Router1.oreilly.com
Choose the size of the key modulus in the greator than 512 may take
General Purpose Keys.Choosing a key modulus greater than 512 nay take
a few minutes.
How many bits in the modulus[512]:1024
Generating RSA keys...
[OK]
Router1(config)#
Jun 27 15:04:15:%SSH-5-ENABLED:SSH 1.5 has been enabled
Router1(config)#ip ssh time-out 120
Router1(config)#ip ssh quthentication-retries 4
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 从IOS12.3(4)T开始支持SSH v2,之前只支持v1,首先要确认你的IOS版本,然后确认支持安全特性3DES,才能开启SSH特性
<!--[if !supportLists]--> <!--[endif]-->
3.21. 改变IOS命令的特权等级
提问 修改特定IOS命令的特权等级
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#privilege exec level 1 show startup-config
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 缺省情况路由器支持16种特权等级,命令一般归属于0,1和15三种特权等级,在特权等级0 下面只支持disable,enable,exit,help,和logout命令,1下面不能对配置进行修改,15就是enable的特权等级
3.22 基于用户的赋予不同的特权等级
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#aaa new-model
Router1(config)aaa authentication login default local
Router1(config)#aaa authorization exec default local
Router1(config)#username neoshi privilege 10 password ioscookbook
Router1(config)#privilege exec level 10 show ip route
Router1(config)#privilege exec level 1 show ip
Router1(config)#privilege exec level 1 show
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 通常的0,1和15三种等级弹性不足,可以定义更多的等级给不同的用户
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.22 <!--[endif]-->基于端口的特权等级
提问 根据登录的不同端口自动赋予特定的特权等级
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#line aux 0
Router1(config-line)#privilege level 5
Router1(config-line)#exit
Router1(config)#privilege exec level 5 show ip route
Router1(config)#privilege exec level 1 show ip
Router1(config)#privilege exec level 1 show
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
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